Thèse présentée et soutenue publiquement en vue de l'obtention du grade de Docteur en Médecine

RESUME

Aim : The overal goal of our study, carried at CHU Kamenge (Medical Teaching Hospital), was to propose advanced recommendations towards the preventative therapy and the specific goal was to highlight the causes of esophageal stenosis.

Patients and methods : It is a retro and prospective study conducted on a decade since January 1st 2005 to December 31st, 2014. We included in our study all patients who were admitted to the department of surgery within the CHU Kamenge and who were diagnosed with esophageal stenosis using validated esophageal stenosis diagnosis techniques.

Results : Of 36 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria, the esophageal cancer was identified to be the main cause for over 27 patients.The average age was 55, 30 +- 13, 58 years. The sex ratio was 2,86 in favor male. Alcohol and tobacco, especially when associated, were the main risky factors (18/27), 5 patients were diagnosed with esophageal peptic stenosis. The average age was 55,40 +- 5,86 years. The sex ration M/F was 4. Alcohol was the principal risky factor too 4 patients were diagnosed with esophageal caustic stenosis. The average age was 55,40+-5,86 years. The sex ratio M.F was 4. Alcohol was the principal risky factor too 4 patients were diagnosed with esophageal caustic stenosis. The avenage age was 32,50+-22,47 years. The sex ratio M/F was 1.13/27 and 3/5 patients with esophageal cancer and peptic stenoss were from poor settings. For all of the patients, dysphagia was the main sympton. There were other additional symptoms noted in different averages from a patient to another, but asthenia, anorexia and sliming were permanently noted. Skin folds (21/27), pallor (14/27). Troisier node (7/27) and oral dryness (7/27) were clinical symptoms associated with esophageal cancer. For peptic and caustic stenosis, the skin foids was found in 3/5 and 4/4 while oral dryness was 2/5 and 3/4. The upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was a key diagnosis exam which allowed happy for further exams. Our results have been assessed and compared to other authors' results.

Conclusion : Esophageal stenosis is a pathology frequently associated with the elderly male. The principal cause is esophageal cancer. People from poor settings, then exposed to different risky factors, are mostly affected. Dysphagia is the main symptom and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is the key diagnosis technique for entire patients.

Key works esophageas, stenosis, etiology, cancer, dysphagia, UGIE.